Calcium
钙
 | Calcium is a silvery white metal which is chemically active, reacting with cold water to produce calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. It burns readily in air, producing calcium oxide, CaO, and calcium nitride, Ca3N2.
钙是一种银白色金属，化学性质活泼，能与冷水反应生成氢氧化钙，Ca(OH)₂。它在空气中易燃烧，生成氧化钙，CaO，和氮化钙，Ca₃N₂。
Calcium is used as a deoxidizer to remove oxygen from iron and steel in their production and in the production of copper and copper alloys. Calcium is used as a constituent in lead alloys used for bearings and the sheaths for electric cables. Calcium is also used in aluminum alloys.
钙用作脱氧剂，用于铁和钢的生产以及铜及铜合金的生产中，以去除氧气。钙也用于制造用于轴承和电缆护套的铅合金。钙还用于铝合金中。
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Calcium is one of the big 8 elements in the Earth's crust, being the fifth most abundant element at about 3.6% by weight. In nature, calcium occurs in the form of gypsum, which is calcium sulfate CaSO4.2H2O . Calcium sulfate, CaSO4, without the attached water molecules also occurs in the form of the mineral anhydrite. Gypsum is used widely for wallboard and for conversion into plaster of Paris. Plaster of Paris is created by heating gypsum to a little above 100°C where it loses three-quarters of its water of hydration and becomes the powdered substance CaSO4. 1/2 H2O.
钙是地壳中八大元素之一，按重量计约为3.6%，是第五丰富的元素。在自然界中，钙以石膏的形式存在，石膏是硫酸钙 CaSO₄·2H₂O。不含结晶水的硫酸钙也以矿物无水石膏的形式存在。石膏广泛用于制造墙板和转化为巴黎石膏。巴黎石膏是通过将石膏加热至略高于100°C，使其失去四分之三的结晶水，从而成为CaSO₄·1/2H₂O的粉末状物质。
It also occurs in the abundant mineral calcite, CaCO3 and in Aragonite, also with composition CaCO3. Another carbonate of calcium is
Whewellite. Along with barium it forms the carbonate mineral alstonite. It is a constituent of the plagioclase form of feldspar and contained in hornblende. Calcium is found with boron in the silicate minerals danburite, datolite and Howlite and in the oxide inyoite. It is contained in the minerals dolomite and Powellite.
它也出现在丰富的矿物碳酸钙（CaCO₃）和文石（也具有相同的化学式CaCO₃）中。另一种钙的碳酸盐是文石。它与钡一起形成碳酸盐矿物铝石。它是斜长石中的一种成分，并存在于角闪石中。钙与硼一起存在于硅酸盐矿物丹布尔石、达托利特和如何石以及氧化物因诺伊特中。它存在于 dolomite 和 powellite 这两种矿物中。
Calcium appears in the carbonate mineral Bensonite. Calcium is a constituent of many silicate minerals. The simple calcium silicate, CaSiO3, occurs in the mineral wollastonite. A hydrated form of calcium silicate is okenite, Ca10Si18O46.18H2O. Manganese with calcium forms the mineral bustamite. Manganese with calcium and lead forms the mineral roeblingite. Magnesium with calcium forms the gem mineral diopside which has the composition CaMgSi2O6. Zoisite is another calcium silicate which is sometimes of gem quality. Titanium and calcium form the silicate titanite, CaTiSiO5, which can form gem-quality crystals.
钙出现在碳酸盐矿物 Bensonite 中。钙是许多硅酸盐矿物的组成成分。简单的钙硅酸盐 CaSiO₃ 出现在矿物 wollastonite 中。钙硅酸盐的水合物是 okenite，化学式为 Ca₁₀Si₁₈O₄₆·18H₂O。钙与锰形成矿物 bustamite。钙、锰和铅形成矿物 roeblingite。钙与镁形成宝石矿物 diopside，其化学式为 CaMgSi₂O₆。Zoisite 是另一种钙硅酸盐，有时具有宝石品质。钛和钙形成硅酸盐 titanite，化学式为 CaTiSiO₅，它可以形成宝石品质的晶体。
Calcium combines with fluorine nature to form minerals such as fluorite, CaF2, which can produce gem quality crystals. Also occurring as a mineral is fluorapatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, which is a constituent of bones and teeth. A small percentage of fluorapatite along with the more abundant calcium phosphates in teeth can make them more resistant to decay.
钙与氟结合形成矿物，如 fluorite（CaF₂），可以生成宝石品质的晶体。另一种矿物是 fluorapatite（Ca₅(PO₄)₃F），它是构成骨骼和牙齿的成分。牙齿中虽然氟磷灰石的含量较少，但与更丰富的钙磷酸盐共同作用，可以使牙齿更 resistant to decay。
Graftonite is a phosphate mineral of iron, manganese and calcium. Chalcosiderite is a phosphate mineral of iron and calcium.
Roselite is an arsenate that contains cobalt, magnesium and calcium and forms red crystals.
格拉顿石是一种含铁、锰和钙的磷酸盐矿物。chalcosiderite是一种含铁和钙的磷酸盐矿物。罗塞利特是一种含钴、镁和钙的砷酸盐，形成红色晶体。 Titanium and calcium form the oxide perovskite, CaTiO3.
钛和钙形成氧化物钙钛矿，CaTiO₃。 |
