Metals and Nonmetals

金属与非金属

As shown on the periodic table of the elements below, the majority of the chemical elements in pure form are classified as metals. It seems appropriate to describe what is meant by "metal" in general terms. This general description is adapted from Shipman, et al.

如元素周期表所示，大多数纯态的化学元素被归类为金属。似乎有必要对“金属”这一概念进行一般性的描述。这一一般性描述改编自Shipman等人的著作。

Chemical Properties 化学性质
Metals 金属	Nonmetals 非金属
Usually have 1-3 electrons in their outer shell. 通常有1-3个电子在最外层。 Lose their valence electrons easily. 容易失去价电子 Form oxides that are basic. 形成碱性氧化物 Are good reducing agents. 是良好的还原剂。 Have lower electronegativities. 具有较低的电负性。	Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell. 通常有4到8个电子在最外层。 Gain or share valence electrons easily. 容易获得或分享价电子 Form oxides that are acidic. 形成酸性氧化物 Are good oxidizing agents. 都是良好的氧化剂。 Have higher electronegativities. 具有更高的电负性
Physical Properties 物理性质
Metals 金属	Nonmetals 非金属
Good electrical conductors and heat conductors. 良好的电导体和热导体。 Malleable - can be beaten into thin sheets. 可塑性 - 可以捶打成薄片。 Ductile - can be stretched into wire. 韧性的——可以被拉成细丝。 Possess metallic luster. 具有金属光泽 Opaque as thin sheet. 像薄板一样不透明 Solid at room temperature (except Hg). 常温下为固体（除外水银）	Poor conductors of heat and electricity. 热和电的不良导体。 Brittle - if a solid. 脆性——如果它是固体。 Nonductile. 非延展性。 Do not possess metallic luster. 不具金属光泽。 Transparent as a thin sheet. 像薄片一样透明 Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature. 在室温下，固体、液体或气体。