Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Adiabatic Process

绝热过程

An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is gained or lost by the system. The first law of thermodynamics with Q=0 shows that all the change in internal energy is in the form of work done. This puts a constraint on the heat engine process leading to the adiabatic condition shown below. This condition can be used to derive the expression for the work done during an adiabatic process.

绝热过程是指系统不吸收或释放热量的过程。热力学第一定律中Q=0表明，内能的变化全部以做功的形式体现。这对热机过程施加了约束，导致下述的绝热条件。该条件可以用来推导绝热过程中所做的功的表达式。

The ratio of the specific heats γ = CP/CV is a factor in determining the speed of sound in a gas and other adiabatic processes as well as this application to heat engines. This ratio γ = 1.66 for an ideal monoatomic gas and γ = 1.4 for air, which is predominantly a diatomic gas.

比热容比 γ = C_P / C_V 是确定气体中声速以及其它绝热过程的重要因素，也应用于热机。对于理想单原子气体，γ = 1.66；对于空气，γ = 1.4，因为空气主要由双原子气体组成。
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Adiabatic Process

绝热过程
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热机概念索引
 
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Adiabatic Process

绝热过程

For an ideal gas consisting of n = moles of gas, consider an adiabatic process which involves expansion from

对于由n = 摩尔气体组成的理想气体，考虑一个绝热过程，该过程涉及从
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：n。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
Vi = m3
to Vf = m3
到 V f = m 3
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：vf。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
at initial temperature Ti = K
在初始温度 T_i = K
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：t。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
Note: If initial volume or temperature are changed, a new value of pressure will be calculated to correspond to the number of moles of gas above.
注意：如果初始体积或温度发生变化，将计算出新的压力值，以对应上方气体的摩尔数。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：vi。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

With the initial volume and temperature specified, the initial pressure is determined by the ideal gas law:

在初始体积和温度指定的情况下，初始压力由理想气体定律确定：
Using
使用
, = kPa = x10^ Pa
压强结果：= kPa（千帕）= x10^ Pa（帕）
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：pin 2：pib 3：pip。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
(Note: If the initial pressure value is changed, then a new value of moles will be calculated to be consistent with the initial volume and temperature specified above. If you wish to restrict the number of moles to your supplied value, then enter that value plus values for initial volume and temperature - the required pressure will be calculated. )

The detailed behavior of the pressure and volume depends upon the specific heats of the gas:

压力和体积的详细行为取决于气体的定容比热和定压比热:
Constant pressure
恒压
 = J/mol K
摩尔热容单位：= J/(mol·K)
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：cp。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
Constant volume
定容
 = J/mol K
摩尔热容单位：= J/(mol·K)
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：cv。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
The specific heats determine the ratio,
比热容决定了比例，
 =

Note that the value of γ is determined by the gases, the most common values being γair = 1.4 and γmonoatomic gas = 1.66 .

需要注意的是，γ 的值由气体决定，最常见的值为 γ 空气 = 1.4 和 γ 单原子气体 = 1.66。

The adiabatic condition can be applied to determine the constant K .

绝热条件可以用来确定常数 K。
=

The work done by the gas can then be determined. If the final volume is less than the initial, then work is done on the gas and the work will be negative.

气体所做的功可以确定。如果最终体积小于初始体积，则对气体做功，功将为负数。
= J = x10^ J

The final pressure for the process can be determined from the adiabatic condition:

该过程的最终压力可以从绝热条件确定：
= kPa = x10^ Pa
压强结果：= kPa（千帕）= x10^ Pa（帕）
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：pf 2：pfb 3：pfp。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

and the final temperature can be obtained from the ideal gas law.

并且最终温度可以通过理想气体定律得到。
= K
The specified initial temperature for the work calculation must be in Kelvins, so it must be converted from the other temperature scales.
= K = °C = °F
Discussion of adiabatic process
绝热过程的讨论
（注意：如果初始压力值发生变化，那么将根据上述指定的初始体积和温度计算新的摩尔数。如果您希望限制摩尔数为所输入的值，则需输入该值以及初始体积和温度——所需的压强将被计算。）对于功的计算，指定的初始温度必须以开尔文为单位，因此必须从其他温度尺度转换而来。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：gam 2：k 3：w 4：wb 5：wp 6：tf2 7：t2 8：tc 9：tf。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
 Index

Heat engine concepts
热机概念索引
 
HyperPhysics***** Thermodynamics
HyperPhysics ***** 热力学
R Nave
 Go Back
返回