Dipole Moment

偶极矩

The electric dipole moment for a pair of opposite charges of magnitude q is defined as the magnitude of the charge times the distance between them and the defined direction is toward the positive charge. It is a useful concept in atoms and molecules where the effects of charge separation are measurable, but the distances between the charges are too small to be easily measurable. It is also a useful concept in dielectrics and other applications in solid and liquid materials.

一对大小为q的相反电荷的电偶极矩定义为电荷量乘以它们之间的距离，方向指向正电荷。该概念在原子和分子中很有用，因为在这些情况下，电荷分离的影响是可以测量的，但电荷之间的距离太小，难以直接测量。该概念在电介质和其他固态和液态材料的应用中也很有用。

Applications involve the electric field of a dipole and the energy of a dipole when placed in an electric field.

应用涉及偶极子的电场以及当偶极子置于电场中时的能量。