Acceleration Devices for High Energy Physics

The major accelerator facilities make use of several types of devices to build up the energy of the particles. Some of the types of apparatus used are:

• Cockroft-Walton accelerators: high DC voltage device which accelerates ions through steps of voltage created by a voltage divider.
  柯克-沃尔顿加速器：一种能够产生高直流电压的装置，通过电压 divider 分阶段加速离子。
• van de Graaf accelerators: charge is transported by an insulating belt to a conductor which builds in voltage as a result of charge collection.
  范德格拉夫加速器：电荷通过绝缘带传输到导体，由于电荷的积累，导体上逐渐建立电压。
• Cyclotrons: An oscillating electric field repetitively accelerates charged particles across the gap between semicircular magnetic field regions.
  回旋加速器：一个振荡的电场反复加速带电粒子通过半圆形磁场区域之间的间隙。
• Synchrocyclotrons: cyclotrons with variable-frequency accelerating voltages to track relativistic effects.
  同步回旋加速器：采用可变频加速电压的回旋加速器，以跟踪相对论效应。
• Betatrons: electron accelerators in a circular geometry with acceleration achieved by magnetic flux increase.
  回旋加速器：一种具有环形几何结构的电子加速器，通过磁通量的增加实现加速。
• Synchrotrons: large ring accelerators where the particles move in an evacuated tube at constant radius, accelerated by radio frequency applications with synchronous magnetic field increases to maintain the constant radius.
  同步加速器：大型环形加速器，其中粒子在真空管中以恒定半径运动，通过无线电频率应用加速，同时同步增加磁场以维持恒定半径。
• Linear Accelerators: linear arrays of radio frequency acceleration cells.
  直线加速器：由无线电频率加速单元组成的直线阵列。