Fluorine
氟
Fluorine, the lightest of the halogens, is the most reactive of all the elements. It forms compounds with all the elements except the noble gases.
氟是卤族中最轻的元素，也是所有元素中最活泼的。它能与除惰性气体以外的所有元素形成化合物。
The reactivity of pure fluorine gas is remarkable. Ordinary substances like wood and rubber burst into flame when held into a stream of fluorine. Even asbestos reacts so vigorously that it becomes incandescent. Copper and steel are attacked by it, but become coated with a thin layer of copper fluoride or iron fluoride and resist further attack. Steel tanks can therefore be used as containers for transport of fluorine.
纯氟气的反应性非常显著。普通物质如木材和橡胶一旦接触氟气流就会燃烧。即使 asbestos 也会剧烈反应，以至于变得发红。铜和钢会被氟气腐蚀，但会形成一层薄薄的铜氟化物或铁氟化物保护层，从而抵抗进一步的腐蚀。因此，钢制容器可以用来运输氟气。
Fluorine occurs in nature in minerals such as fluorite, CaF2, which can produce gem quality crystals. Fluorite is used to manufacture steel and is the main source of fluorine for toothpaste, fluoridated water, coolants, and Teflon. The mineral sellaite is MgF2. Also occurring as a mineral is fluorapatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, which is a constituent of bones and teeth. A small percentage of fluorapatite along with the more abundant calcium phosphates in teeth can make them more resistant to decay. Fluorine is found in the phosphate minerals Herderite, Wavellite and montebrasite.
氟在矿物如 fluorite（CaF₂）中自然存在，可以生成宝石级的晶体。fluorite用于制造钢铁，并且是牙膏、含氟水、冷却剂和Teflon的主要氟源。矿物sellaeite是MgF₂。另一种矿物是氟磷灰石（Ca₅(PO₄)₃F），它是骨骼和牙齿的成分之一。牙齿中少量的氟磷灰石加上更丰富的磷酸钙，可以使牙齿更耐腐蚀。氟也存在于磷酸盐矿物Herderite、Wavellite和montebrasite中。 Fluorine is contained in the silicate minerals carletonite, lepidolite, leucophanite, Norbergite, phlogopite, chondrodite, clintonite, wilhuite and fluorapophyllite. Fluorine is a constituent of the silicate topaz , which produces extraordinarily large crystals.
氟存在于硅酸盐矿物车伦石、锂辉石、白锂辉石、诺尔伯格石、磷灰石、磁铁矿、克林顿石、维利石和氟磷石中。氟是硅酸盐刚玉的组成成分，其能形成异常巨大的晶体。 Aluminum with boron and fluorine form the oxide (borate) Jeremejevite. Fluorine is found with calcium, solium and tantalum in the oxide mineral microlite. Fluorine is found with tantalum, niobium and aluminum in the oxide mineral simpsonite. Fluorine with antimony and titanium are contained in the oxide romeite.
Fluorine is in the sulfate minerals
creedite and sulfohalite and the fluoride cryolite.
氟在硫酸盐矿物 creedite 和 sulfohalite 及氟化物矿物 cryolite 中存在。
Lead with chlorine and fluorine form matlockite.
含氯和氟的矿物形成matlockite
铝与硼和氟形成氧化物（硼酸盐）杰雷梅耶夫石。氟与钙、溶剂和钽存在于氧化物矿物微粒石中。氟与钽、铌和铝存在于氧化物矿物西蒙石中。氟与锑和钛存在于氧化物矿物罗密石中。 Fluorine is found with lanthanum and cerium in the carbonate mineral parisite.
Hydrogen fluoride, HF, in water is called hydrofluoric acid. It and the vapor phase HF can be used for etching glass. Hydrofluoric acid must be handled with great care, because skin contact produces lesions which heal very slowly. Hydrofluoric acid can be stored in polyethylene containers.
氢氟酸是氢氟化物在水中的溶液。它和气相中的氢氟化物可用于蚀刻玻璃。氢氟酸必须小心处理，因为皮肤接触会导致缓慢愈合的损伤。氢氟酸可储存在聚乙烯容器中。
Reaction with the alkali metals produces salts called fluorides. Sodium fluoride, NaF, is used as an insecticide.
与碱金属反应会生成称为氟化物的盐。钠氟化物（NaF）用作杀虫剂。
氟在碳酸盐矿物巴黎石中与镧和铈一起发现 |
