Physics 2030K

Units and Measurement

单位和测量

This is the beginning of an interactive outline for the course "Physics of Music and Speech". The general content of the course is described in the following list.

这是“音乐与语音物理”课程的交互式大纲的开始。课程的一般内容如下列表所示。

Course content outline:

Nature of sound and its propagation
声音的性质及其传播
Simple vibrating systems
简单的振动系统
Mechanics of the ear and hearing
耳朵的力学和听觉
Acoustics of musical instruments
音乐乐器的声学
Acoustics of rooms, auditoriums, etc.
房间、礼堂等的声学
Discussion of microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers,and other electronic devices associated with sound reproduction.
关于与声音再现相关的麦克风、放大器、扬声器和其他电子设备的讨论。

课程内容大纲:

The course begins with a quick overview of the basic physical quantities which are necessary for the the study sound and acoustics. The outline will quickly move into topics which are more specifically sound-related.

课程从对声学研究所需的基本物理量进行快速概述开始。大纲将迅速转向更具体与声音相关的主题。

What quantities must you measure to describe completely the motion of a ball tossed into the air?

What units are used to specify these quantities?

What are the three most commonly used systems of units?

What are the three fundamental mechanical quantities which form the basis for all mechanical measurement?

What are the prefixes used with powers of ten to denote 1000x and 1/1000?

要完全描述一个被抛向空中的球的运动，必须测量哪些量？这些量用什么单位来指定？最常用的三个单位制是什么？哪些是构成所有机械测量基础的三个基本机械量？用于表示1000倍和1/1000的十次幂前缀是什么？

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Physical Quantities

物理量

What are the three fundamental mechanical quantities which form the basis for all mechanical measurement?

哪些三个基本的机械量是所有机械测量的基础？

What is a force and what are the units of force?

力是什么，力的单位是什么？

What is the role of each of Newton's laws in describing and predicting motion?

牛顿运动定律在描述和预测运动方面起什么作用？

What is the difference between mass and weight?

质量与重量有什么区别？

How are the terms work, energy, and power related?

功、能和功率之间有什么关系？

What are the conditions for periodic motion?

周期性运动的条件是什么？

What terms are used for the description of periodic motion?

用于描述周期性运动的术语有哪些？

*Motion Concepts

*Mechanical quantities

*Newton's Laws

*F = ma

*Application of F = ma

*Force example

*Mass and Weight

*Work, energy, power

*Periodic motion

*Mass on spring

*Measuring periodic motion

* 运动概念 * 机械量 * 牛顿运动定律 * F = ma * F = ma 的应用 * 力的例子 * 质量与重量 * 功、能、功率 * 周期性运动 * 弹簧上的质量 * 测量周期性运动

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Periodic Motion and Traveling Waves

周期性运动与行波

What are the conditions for periodic motion?

周期性运动的条件是什么？

What terms are used for the description of periodic motion?

用于描述周期性运动的术语有哪些？

How are traveling waves produced?

行波是如何产生的？

How are velocity and wavelength related to frequency for a traveling wave?

速度和波长如何与波的频率相关？

Describe the transformation of energy which occurs when a mass bobs up and down on a spring.

描述当质量在弹簧上上下摆动时发生的能量转换。

What can be determined from a plot of a wave as a function of distance? What can be determined from the plot of a wave as a function of time?

从波作为距离函数的图中可以确定什么？从波作为时间函数的图中可以确定什么？

How can the wave velocity be obtained from wave plots? What does the velocity of sound depend upon?

波形图如何得到波速？声速取决于什么？

How does the velocity of sound change with temperature? Does it also change with atmospheric pressure?

声音的速度随温度如何变化？它是否也随大气压变化？

What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves?

纵波和横波有什么区别？

*Periodic motion

*Mass on spring

*Measuring periodic motion

*Traveling waves

*Wave on pond

*Wave in air

*Wave relationship

*Energy in periodic motion

*Energy for mass on spring

*Graphs of waves

*AM radio

*FM radio

*Oscilloscope display

*Velocity of sound

*Longitudinal waves

*Transverse waves

*Geologic wave example

* 周期性运动 * 弹簧上的质量 * 测量周期性运动 * 旅行波 * 池中波 * 空气中的波 * 波的关系 * 周期性运动中的能量 * 弹簧上的质量的能量 * 波的图像 * AM广播 * FM广播 * 示波器显示 * 声音速度 * 纵波 * 横波 * 地质波例子

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