Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
零定律
The "zeroth law" states that if two systems are at the same time in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
零定律指出，如果两个系统同时与第三个系统处于热平衡状态，那么它们之间也处于热平衡状态。
If A and C are in thermal equilibrium with B, then A is in thermal equilibrium with C. Practically this means that all three are at the same temperature, and it forms the basis for comparison of temperatures. It is so named because it logically precedes the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics.
如果A和C都与B处于热平衡，那么A也与C处于热平衡。实际上这意味着三者温度相同，并为温度的比较奠定了基础。它之所以被称为热力学定律，是因为它在逻辑上先于热力学第一定律和第二定律。
There are underlying ideas about heat associated with the zeroth law of thermodynamics, and one of those ideas was expressed by Maxwell as "All heat is of the same kind." If A is in thermal equilibrium with B, then every unit of internal energy that passes from A to B is balanced by the same amount of energy passing from B to A. This is true even if the atomic masses in A are different from those in B, and even if the amount of energy per unit mass in A is different because the material has a different specific heat. This implies that there is a measurable property that can be considered to be the same for A and B, a property upon which heat transfer depends. That property is called temperature.
热力学零定律背后有关热量的观念中，有一条被麦克斯韦表述为'所有热量都是同一种类型'。如果A与B处于热平衡状态，那么从A传递到B的每一个单位内能都会被相同量的能量从B传递到A所平衡。即使A中的原子质量与B中的不同，即使A中的单位质量能量因材料比热不同而不同，这一原理依然成立。这表明存在一个可测量的属性，该属性对于A和B来说是相同的，这个属性决定了热量的传递。这个属性被称为温度。 |
