Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Inelastic Collisions

非弹性碰撞
Perfectly elastic collisions are those in which no kinetic energy is lost in the collision. Macroscopic collisions are generally inelastic and do not conserve kinetic energy, though of course the total energy is conserved as required by the general principle of conservation of energy. The extreme inelastic collision is one in which the colliding objects stick together after the collision, and this case may be analyzed in general terms:

Calculation

计算

Derivation of kinetic energy loss expressions

动能损失表达式的推导

Examples of inelastic collisions

非弹性碰撞的例子
完全弹性碰撞是指碰撞过程中没有动能损失的碰撞。宏观碰撞通常为非弹性碰撞，不 conserve 动能，尽管当然总能量是守恒的，这符合能量守恒的一般原理。最极端的非弹性碰撞是碰撞后物体粘在一起的碰撞，这种情形可以用一般性术语进行分析：
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Collision concepts
索引 碰撞概念
 
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K.E. Lost in Inelastic Collision

非弹性碰撞中动能损失

In the special case where two objects stick together when they collide, the fraction of the kinetic energy which is lost in the collision is determined by the combination of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum.

在两个物体碰撞后粘在一起的特殊情况下，碰撞中损失的动能分数由能量守恒和动量守恒的结合确定。

One of the practical results of this expression is that a large object striking a very small object at rest will lose very little of its kinetic energy. If your car strikes an insect, it is unfortunate for the insect but will not appreciably slow your car. On the other hand, if a small object collides inelastically with a large one, it will lose most of its kinetic energy.

Calculation

计算

Velocity after the collision

碰撞后的速度

Examples of inelastic collisions

非弹性碰撞的例子
这个表达式的一个实际结果是，一个大物体撞击静止的很小物体时，会损失非常少的动能。如果你的车撞到一只昆虫，这对昆虫来说是不幸的，但你的车并不会明显减速。相反，如果一个小物体与一个大物体发生完全非弹性碰撞，它会损失大部分的动能。
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Collision concepts
索引 碰撞概念
 
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Inelastic Collision Examples

非弹性碰撞示例

Most ordinary collisions are classified as inelastic collisions because some of their kinetic energy is converted to other forms such as internal energy. Links to some examples are provided.

大多数普通碰撞被归类为非弹性碰撞，因为其中一些动能转化为其他形式，如内能。一些示例的链接已提供。

Car crash

汽车碰撞

Seatbelts

安全带

Airliner and duck

飞机和鸭子

Ballistic pendulum

弹道 pendulum

One dimensional

一维

Two dimensional

二维

Franck-Hertz experiment

弗兰克-赫兹实验

Two-truck collision

两卡车碰撞
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Collision concepts

Inelastic collisions
索引 碰撞概念 不可逆碰撞
 
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