Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Chapter 4: Causes of Motion

第四章:运动的原因

Describe Newton's Laws and their applications to motion.

描述牛顿运动定律及其对运动的应用。

Given F=ma, calculate the motion of an object

已知F=ma,计算物体的运动

If a 5 kg object is acted upon by a force of 20 N, what is its acceleration? If it starts from rest, what will be its speed after 3 seconds?

如果一个5 kg的物体受到20 N的力作用,它的加速度是多少?如果它从静止开始,3秒后的速度是多少?

What is the difference between mass and weight?

质量与重量有什么区别?

If and object has a mass of 2 kg, what is its weight under normal Earth gravity?

如果一个物体的质量是2千克,在正常地球重力下它的重量是多少?

If a crate weighs 120 pounds, what is its mass?

如果一个箱子重120磅,它的质量是多少?

Describe static and kinetic friction and their applications

描述静摩擦和动摩擦及其应用

If the coefficient of static friction of a surface is 0.5 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.4, then how much force will be required to set in motion a 40 kg crate? How much force will be required to keep it going at a constant velocity a after starting?

如果某表面的静摩擦因数为0.5,动摩擦因数为0.4,那么要使一个40 kg的货箱开始运动,需要多少力?在开始运动后,要保持它以恒定速度运动,需要多少力?

If a large truck and a Volkswagen collide, which is acted upon by the larger force?

如果一辆大型卡车和一辆大众汽车相撞,哪一辆受到的力更大?

If more than one force acts on an object, how do you predict its motion from Newton's second law?

如果作用于物体的力不止一个,如何根据牛顿第二定律预测其运动?

If a 10 kg object falls in the Earth's gravity but is acted upon by a 40 N air resistance force, what will be its acceleration?

如果一个10 kg的物体在地球的重力下下落,但受到40 N的空气阻力力,它的加速度是多少?
*Motion Concepts

*Newton's Laws

*F = ma

*Mass and Weight

*Elevator Problem

*Application of F=ma

*Motion calculation

*Weight calculation

*Friction

*Force to overcome friction

*Newton's 3rd Law

*Combinations of forces

* 运动概念 * 牛顿运动定律 * F = ma * 质量与重量 * 电梯问题 * F=ma 的应用 * 运动计算 * 重量计算 * 摩擦 * 克服摩擦的力 * 牛顿第三定律 * 力的组合
Index
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HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 2010/3010
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Chapter 5: Circular Motion

第五章:圆周运动

Does motion in a circle at a constant speed involve an acceleration?

在圆周运动中,即使速度保持不变,是否涉及加速度?

What is the difference between centrifugal force and centripetal force? Which can you measure with a scale?

向心力和离心力有什么区别?哪一个可以用天平测量?

Calculate the centripetal force on an object moving in a curved path, given the mass, velocity, and radius of curvature of the path.

计算物体在曲线上运动时的向心力,已知其质量、速度和轨迹的曲率半径。

If a Ferris wheel ride has a diameter of 20 meters and a speed of 8 m/s, what is the centripetal acceleration of a rider? What is the centripetal force on a 70 kg rider? Why do you feel lighter at the top of the ride and heavier at the bottom?

如果一个摩天轮的直径为20米,速率是8 m/s,那么乘客的向心加速度是多少?一个70 kg的乘客受到的向心力是多少?为什么你在 ride 的顶部感觉变轻,在底部感觉变重?

How does the force of gravity change with distance?

重力随距离如何变化?

If an object weighs 600 N at the Earth's surface, what will it weigh twice as far out from the Earth's center? ...three times as far out?

如果一个物体在地球表面的重量是600牛顿,那么当它离地球中心两倍远时,它的重量会是多少?……三倍远时呢?

What causes the tides? Why are there two per day instead of just one?

潮汐是由什么引起的?为什么每天会出现两次而不是一次?
*Centripetal acceleration

*Vector velocities

*Centripetal force calculation

*Law of gravity

*Inverse square law

*Circular orbit

*Gravity in orbit

*Tides

*Sun Tide

*Jupiter effect

*Syncom satellites

* 向心加速度 * 矢量速度 * 向心力计算 * 引力定律 * 反平方定律 * 圆形轨道 * 轨道中的重力 * 潮汐 * 太阳潮汐 * 灰色效应 * 同步卫星
Index
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HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 2010/3010
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Chapter 8: Rotational Motion

第八章:转动运动

What is torque? How can you increase the torque on a wrench to turn a stubborn bolt?

力矩是什么?如何增加 wrench 上的力矩以松动顽固的螺栓?

What is required for equilibrium of a large object?

大物体平衡需要什么?

Why do you pick up a long board at it's center? Why is it difficult to lift it by one end alone?

为什么你会把长板举在中间?为什么单独从一端提起会很难?

Why does a skater spin faster if they pull their legs and arms in?

为什么花样滑冰运动员在收拢四肢时会转得更快?

What is the difference between centrifugal force and centripetal force? Which can you measure with a scale?

向心力和离心力有什么区别?哪一个可以用天平测量?
*Torque

*Equilibrium

*Force combination

*Lifting example

*Conservation of angular momentum

*Centripetal force

*Centrifugal force

*Coriolis force

* 力矩 * 平衡 * 力的合成 * 提升示例 * 角动量守恒 * 向心力 * 离心力 * 科里奥利力
Index
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Chapter 9: Fluids

第九章:流体

Define pressure - how does it differ from force?

If the same force is applied to twice the area, what happens to the pressure?

如果相同的力作用在两倍的面积上,压力会发生什么变化?

If the pressure of the atmosphere is about 15 pounds per square inch, and the top of your car is about 50 inches by 50 inches, what total force is exerted on the top of your car by the atmosphere? Why doesn't it crush the car top in?

如果大气压约为15磅每平方英寸,而你车顶的面积大约是50英寸乘50英寸,大气对车顶施加的总力是多少?为什么它不会把车顶压碎?

How do you find the pressure at a depth in a fluid?

如何计算流体中某深度处的压强?

If you dive to a depth of 10 meters, how much additional pressure is exerted upon you?

如果你下潜到10米深的地方,会增加多少额外的压力?

What is Pascal's Principle?

帕斯卡原理是什么?

What is a hydraulic press and what is it good for? How is Pascal's Principle used in the hydraulic press?

什么是液压机?它有什么用途?帕斯卡原理在液压机中是如何应用的?

Can a hydraulic press multiply force? Can it cause something to move further than the force which is applied to the press? Can it do both at the same time?

液压机能否放大力?它能否使物体移动的距离超过施加在液压机上的力?它能否同时做到这两点?

What is the Bernoulli Principle?

伯努利原理是什么?

Is there really such a thing as a curveball pitch in baseball, or is it an optical illusion? How can the Bernoulli Principle cause a ball to curve? What is Archimedes' Principle?

棒球中真的存在曲球这种东西,还是说只是光学错觉?伯努利原理是如何使球曲旋的?阿基米德原理是什么?

What was the basis for Archimedes' conclusion that the king's crown was not made out of solid gold?

阿基米德得出王冠并非纯金制成的结论的依据是什么?

How can you make use of the buoyant force on an object to determine its density?

如何利用作用在物体上的浮力来确定其密度?

If your heart were not pumping enough blood through an artery to supply your body's needs, what could be changed to increase the flowrate?

如果心脏泵血量不足以通过动脉满足身体需求,可以采取什么措施来增加血流速率?

If you could increase the blood pressure by 10%, or increase the radius of the artery by 10%, which would be more effective in increasing blood flow?

如果你能将血压提高10%,或者将动脉半径增加10%,哪种方法在增加血流方面更有效?

If an artery started to expand because its wall was too weak to withstand the internal blood pressure, would that expansion relieve the stress or tension of the artery wall?

如果动脉因为壁太弱无法承受内部血压而开始扩张,这种扩张会缓解动脉壁的应力还是张力?

What is the origin of the force which pushes the mercury up in a barometer?

汞柱在气压计中上升的力的来源是什么?

What force pushes a liquid up a drinking straw?

是什么力将液体推上吸管?

What force moves air into your lungs when you breathe?

你呼吸时,是什么力将空气送入肺中?
压力是如何与力区分开的?
*Pressure definition

*Atmospheric pressure


*fluid pressure

*Pascal's principle


*hydraulic press

*hydraulic brakes


*auto lift

*Bernoulli equation


*Baseball curve

*Archimedes' principle


*buoyancy

*Poiseuille's law

*Blood pressure

*LaPlace's law





*barometer

*Drinking through straw

*Breathing pressure

*Ideal gas law

* 压力定义 * 大气压 * 流体压力 * 帕斯卡原理 * 液压机 * 液压刹车 * 自动举升 * 伯努利方程 * 棒球曲线 * 阿基米德原理 * 浮力 * 泊肃叶定律 * 血压 * 拉普拉斯定律 * 气压计 * 通过吸管饮水 * 呼吸压力 * 理想气体定律

Index
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