Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Conceptual Physics I, Day 10

概念物理I，第10天

What is internal energy? If you had a gram of copper and a gram of water, both at temperature 0° C, would they have the same internal energy?

什么是内能？如果你有一克铜和一克水，它们的温度都是0° C，它们的内能是否相同？

What is temperature? When two objects have the same temperature, what physically is the same about them?

温度是什么？当两个物体温度相同时，它们在物理上有什么是相同的？

What is heat? Does an object contain a measureable property called heat?

什么是热？物体是否具有一种可测量的性质称为热？

What is specific heat?Why is the specific heat of water so much larger than that of copper?

什么是比热容？为什么水的比热容比铜大得多？

What is meant by a phase change? Since large energies are required to change the phase, why doesn't the temperature change?

什么是相变？由于要改变相需要大量的能量，为什么温度不会变化？

How is the heat of fusion of ice measured? What will be the effect on the measured value if the ice is wet?

冰的熔化热是如何测量的？如果冰是湿的，会对测量值产生什么影响？

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics and how is it related to conservation of energy?

什么是热力学第一定律，它如何与能量守恒相关？

What are the common means of transferring heat from a hot object? What cooling mechanisms are used by the human body?

如何从热物体中转移热量？人体使用哪些冷却机制？

Is there any way to get heat to move from a cold object to a hot object?

有没有办法让热量从冷物体转移到热物体？

What is meant by the Greenhouse effect?

什么是温室效应？

How does radiation explain phenomena like a red hot poker? the 3K background radiation?

辐射如何解释像红热的铁棒这样的现象？以及3K背景辐射？

If a uniform metal plate with a hole in it is heated, will the hole get larger or smaller?

如果一个带有孔的均匀金属板被加热，孔会变大还是变小？

What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

蒸发和沸腾有什么不同？

What is the definition of the boiling point? How does it change with pressure?

沸点的定义是什么？它如何随压力变化？

How do you predict the effects on a gas of changes in pressure, volume, and temperature?

如何预测压力、体积和温度变化对气体的影响？

If the pressure on a constant temperature gas is doubled, what will happen to its volume?

如果对温度不变的气体施加双倍的压力，其体积会发生什么变化？

If the temperature of a constant volume of gas is doubled, what will happen to the pressure?

如果气体体积保持不变，温度加倍时，压力会发生什么变化？

Why must absolute temperature and absolute pressure be used in calculating the final volume and temperature in the above examples?

为什么在上述例子中计算最终体积和温度时必须使用绝对温度和绝对压力？
 *Internal energy

*Water-metal example

*Temperature

*Temperature scales

*Heat

*Heat and work example

*Heat questions

*Specific heat

*Phase change

*Heat of vaporization

*Heat of fusion

*Heat of fusion measurement

*First law of thermo

*Thermal expansion

*Metal plate expansion

*Evaporation and boiling

*Boiling point

*Boiling point variation

*Relative humidity

*Heat transfer

*Conduction

*Convection

*Radiation

* Greenhouse effect

*Red hot object

* 3K background radiation

*Ideal gas law

* 内能 * 水-金属例子 * 温度 * 温度刻度 * 热 * 热与功例子 * 热问题 * 比热 * 相变 * 汽化热 * 熔化热 * 熔化热测量 * 热力学第一定律 * 热膨胀 * 金属板膨胀 * 蒸发与沸腾 * 沸点 * 沸点变化 * 相对湿度 * 热传递 * 传导 * 对流 * 辐射 * 温室效应 * 红热物体 * 3K背景辐射 * 理想气体定律
 Index
索引
  HyperPhysics***** Physics 7110
HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 7110
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Conceptual Physics I, Day 11

概念物理I，第11天

What are the common means of transferring heat from a hot object?

如何将热量从热物体转移到其他物体？

What cooling mechanisms are used by the human body?

人体使用哪些冷却机制？

How can the large energies involved in phase changes be used to advantage?

如何利用相变中涉及的大量能量？

What determines the rate at which heat is radiated from an object?

决定物体辐射热量速率的因素是什么？

What is the greenhouse effect? What contributes to the atmospheric greenhouse effect?

什么是温室效应？什么贡献于大气中的温室效应？

Describe the nature of radiated energy as a function of the temperature of the radiating object.

描述辐射能量如何随辐射物体的温度变化。
 *Heat transfer

*Conduction

*Convection

*Radiation

*Cooling human body

*Cooling cup of coffee

*Ice cream freezer

*Blackbody radiation

* Greenhouse effect

*Radiation curves

*Red hot object

* 3K background radiation

*IRAS satellite

*Ideal gas law

* 热传递 * 导热 * 对流 * 辐射 * 人体散热 * 咖啡杯散热 * 冰激凌冷冻机 * 黑体辐射 * 温室效应 * 辐射曲线 * 红热物体 * 3K背景辐射 * IRAS卫星 * 理想气体定律
 Index
索引
  HyperPhysics*****Physics 7110
HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 7110
 Go Back
返回





Conceptual Physics I, Day 12

概念物理I，第12天

What is a heat engine?

什么是热机？

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

什么是热力学第一定律？

What limits are placed on heat engines by the First Law of Thermodynamics?

热机受到热力学第一定律的哪些限制？

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

What additional limits are placed on heat engines by the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

热机还受到第二热力学定律的哪些额外限制？

Suppose the state legislature passed a law requiring all electric power plants to operate at at least 75% efficiency. Could it be done?

假设州立法机构通过了一项法律，要求所有电力工厂至少以75%的效率运行。这是否可行？

What is entropy? How is the second law of thermodynamics stated in terms of entropy?

什么是熵？如何用熵来表述热力学第二定律？

What is enthalpy?

什么是焓？

Can a heat engine transport energy from a cold object to a hot object?

热机能否将能量从冷物体传到热物体？

How does an electric heat pump compare with electric resistance heating and natural gas heating?

电热泵与电阻加热和天然气加热相比如何？

What kind of heat engine cycle is used in automobiles?

汽车使用的是哪种热机循环？

How does the auto engine cycle produce work?

汽车发动机循环如何产生功？
什么是热力学第二定律？
 *Heat engines

*First law of thermodynamics

*Second law of thermodynamics

*Carnot cycle

*Entropy

*Enthalpy

*Heat pump

*Refrigerator

*Energy to hot object

*Electric heat pump

*Air conditioner

*Otto cycle steps

*Heat engine cycles

* 热机 * 热力学第一定律 * 热力学第二定律 * 卡诺循环 * 熵 * 焓 * 热泵 * 冰箱 * 热给热物体 * 电热泵 * 空调 * 奥托循环步骤 * 热机循环
 Index
索引
  HyperPhysics*****Physics 7110
HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 7110
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