Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Microphones and Loudspeakers

麦克风和扬声器

Summarize the electrical and magnetic principles underlying the operation of microphones and loudspeakers.

总结麦克风和扬声器工作的电学和磁学原理。

What are the basic types of microphones?

什么是基本类型的麦克风？

Why are dynamic microphones the most common in use?

为什么动态麦克风是最常用的？

Why are condenser microphones the recording studio standard?

为什么电容式麦克风是录音室的标准？

What is the significance of "high impedance" and "low impedance" for microphones?

什么是“高阻抗”和“低阻抗”对麦克风的意义？

How does a dynamic loudspeaker work?

动态扬声器是如何工作的？

Why must a loudspeaker be in an enclosure for satisfactory performance?

为什么扬声器必须装在密闭腔体内才能获得满意的性能？

What is a bass reflex loudspeaker?

什么是低音反射扬声器？
 *Electricity- water analogy for DC

*Ohm's law examples

*Magnetic forces on charges

*Types of microphones

*Dynamic microphones

*Condenser microphones

*Impedance matching

*Dynamic loudspeaker

*Loudspeaker basics

*Bass reflex loudspeaker

* 电学-水类比（直流） * 欧姆定律示例 * 电荷上的磁力 * 不同类型的麦克风 * 动态麦克风 * 电容式麦克风 * 阻抗匹配 * 动态扬声器 * 扬声器基础 * 低音反射扬声器
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  HyperPhysics*****Physics 2030K
HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 2030K
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Auditorium Acoustics

演讲厅 声学

The basic problems of auditorium acoustics are the inverse square law problem and the "bass loss" problem. Describe these problems.

音响学的基本问题包括“平方反比定律问题”和“低频衰减问题”。描述这些问题。

How is the inverse square law problem addressed?

逆平方定律问题是如何解决的？

What can be done about the bass loss problem?

关于低频损失问题该怎么办？

What is the role of reverberation in auditorium acoustics?

混响在音乐厅声学中的作用是什么？

What is the definition of "reverberation time" and why is it so important?

什么是‘混响时间’及其重要性？

What are the perceived characteristics of a good auditorium and how can these characteristics be measured?

良好的礼堂应具备哪些感知特性？这些特性如何测量？
 *Inverse square law

*Inverse square law plot

*Inverse square law example.

*Intensity vs distance

*The bass loss problem

*The ear's response to bass

*Reverberation

*Reverberation time

*Calculation of reverberation time

*Absorption coefficients

*Characteristics of good auditoriums

* 逆平方定律 * 逆平方定律图 * 逆平方定律示例。* 声强与距离 * 低频衰减问题 * 耳朵对低频的响应 * 混响 * 混响时间 * 混响时间计算 * 吸收系数 * 好的音乐厅特性
 Index
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  HyperPhysics*****Physics 2030K
HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 2030K
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Sound Reinforcement Systems

音响强化系统

Can you reproduce sound as loud as you want in an auditorium provided you have a powerful enough amplifier? What determines the limit of useful sound from a sound amplification system?

在有足够强大放大器的音乐厅中，你能使声音响到任意程度吗？决定声音放大系统有用声音上限的是什么？

What is meant by "feedback"?

‘反馈’指的是什么？

What determines the potential acoustic gain of a sound amplification system?

决定声放大系统的潜在声增益的因素是什么？

How can the amount of useful gain be increased?

如何增加有用增益的量？

What is the role of directional microphones and directional speakers in increasing the useful amplification?

方向性麦克风和方向性扬声器在提高有用放大方面起什么作用？

What is the role of equalization in optimizing a sound amplification system?

均衡在优化声音放大系统中起什么作用？

Under what conditions is a "notch filter" useful?

在什么条件下“陷波滤波器”是有用的？
 *Modeling a sound amplification system

*Feedback

*Potential acoustic gain

*Calculating potential acoustic gain.

*Steps to increase the available amplification

*Directional microphones

*Directional loudspeakers

*Equalization

*Notch filters

* 建模一个声音放大系统 * 反馈 * 潜在的声学增益 * 计算潜在的声学增益。* 提高可用放大能力的步骤 * 方向性麦克风 * 方向性扬声器 * 均衡 * 峰值滤波器
 Index
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  HyperPhysics*****Physics 2030K
HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 2030K
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