Conceptual Physics II

Conceptual Physics II, Day 1

概念物理II，第一天

"Most of the information we receive comes to us in the form of waves"

What are the basic preconditions for periodic motion?

周期性运动的基本前提条件是什么？

How is a traveling wave initiated? What are the minimum conditions for producing a traveling wave?

怎样产生行波？产生行波的最小条件是什么？

What is sound?

什么是声音？

What things must be measured to describe periodic motion? ...traveling waves?

要描述周期性运动，必须测量哪些量？……行波？

What is the relation between wave velocity, frequency, and wavelength?

波速、频率和波长之间有什么关系？

Describe and give examples of the four basic wave phenomena:

Reflection
反射
Interference
干涉
Refraction
折射
Diffraction
衍射

描述并举例说明四种基本的波现象：

What determines the velocity of a traveling wave ?

什么决定了波的传播速度？

Does the speed of sound in air depend upon sound pitch? upon sound loudness?

声音在空气中的速度是否取决于声音的音调？是否取决于声音的响度？

How are "beats" produced? What is a "subjective tone"?

‘拍’现象是如何产生的？‘主观音调’是什么？

How does sound wave description compare to the description of radio waves?

声波的描述与无线电波的描述有何不同？

*Periodic motion

*Elasticity

*Traveling waves

*Audible sound

*Description of periodic motion

*Simple harmonic motion

*Wave relationship

*Reflection

*Interference

*Refraction

*Diffraction

*Wave speed

*Speed of sound in air

*Beats

*Subjective tones

*State Patrol radar

*Heterodyne principle

*AM radio

*FM radio

*Electromagnetic waves

* 周期性运动 * 弹性 * 传播波 * 可听声 * 周期性运动的描述 * 简谐运动 * 波的关系 * 反射 * 干涉 * 折射 * 衍射 * 波速 * 空气中声速 * 振荡 * 主观音调 * 车辆巡逻雷达 * 非调和原理 * 模拟 radio * 超声波 radio * 电磁波

我们接收的信息大部分以波的形式呈现

Conceptual Physics I, Day 2

概念物理I，第2天

What is resonance? What is a standing wave?

什么是共振？什么是驻波？

What are the wavelength conditions for resonance for a stretched string, an open cylindrical air column,a closed cylindrical air column?

什么条件下的波长会引发弦的共振、开放圆柱形气柱的共振和封闭圆柱形气柱的共振？

Describe the physical properties of the sound which are being detected by the human ear when it perceives pitch, loudness, and quality of sound.

描述当人耳感知音调、响度和音色时，被检测到的声波的物理特性。

Distinguish between longitutional and transverse waves. Which characterizes sound in air? Under what conditions can both types of waves occur?

区分纵波和横波。声音在空气中由哪种波来表征？在什么条件下这两种波都可以存在？

*Resonance

*Standing waves

*String

*Air column

*Open air column

*Closed air column

*Cavity resonance

*Coke bottle

*Bass reflex speaker

*Pitch

*Loudness

*Quality

*Longitudinal waves

*Transverse waves

*Geologic wave example

*Sound waves in air

* 共振 * 站立波 * 弦 * 空气柱 * 开放空气柱 * 封闭空气柱 * 隧道共振 * 瓶子 * 低音反射扬声器 * 音调 * 响度 * 音色 * 纵波 * 横波 * 地质波例子 * 空气中的声波

Conceptual Physics I, Day 3

概念物理I，第3天

General Wave Properties 波的普遍性质	Characteristics of Audible Sound 可听声音的特性
1. reflection 反射	1. pitch = frequency 音调 = 频率
2. interference 干涉	2. loudness related to intensity, sensitivity 响度与强度、灵敏度有关
3. refraction 折射	3. quality (timbre) 3. 质量（音色）
4. diffraction 衍射

What do you measure when you detect pitch?

当你检测音调时，你测量什么？

How does the human ear detect pitch?

人类耳朵如何检测音调？

What is the difference between sound intensity and loudness?

声音强度和响度有什么区别？

What is measured by decibels?

分贝测量的是什么？

How can the ear mechanism distinquish between vowel sounds?

耳朵机制如何区分元音声音？

*Pitch

*Ear

*Place theory

*Sharpening

*Loudness

*Sound intensity

*Decibels

*Quality

* 音调 * 耳 * 位置理论 * 增强 * 响度 * 声强 * 分贝